Vitamin D on COVID-19 Patients During The Pandemic, 2022. A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Moamen Mostafa Asla1
, Asmaa Ahmed Nawar1, Esraa Elsayed2, Ramadan Abdelmoez Farahat5, Ayah Abdulgadir6, Mostafa Abdullah Alsharabasy1, Israa Mohamed Elshahawy7 and Samar A. Amer2,3,4*
1Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt.
2Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
3Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
4Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt.
5Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt.
6Membership at the Royal Colleague of General Practitioners[INT], London, United Kingdom.
7Department of Mental Health Primary Care, Nova University, Lisbon
Corresponding Author E-mail: dr_samar11@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Numerous connections between the level of vitamin D (Vit-D) and the novel coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) have surfaced during the pandemic. So, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of Vit-D deficiency and its supplementation on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We looked for relevant articles in Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Science, PubMed, and EBSCO up until the end of 2022. The Open Meta Analyst software was used to analyze the extracted data. We classified them into two main categories based on their objectives. First, the studies that evaluated the effects of Vit-D deficiency in patients, and lastly, the studies that evaluated Vit-D as a supplement, both on mortality rate, hospitalization duration, ICU admission rate, and mechanical ventilation rate. A total of 8001 COVID-19 patients from 42 studies were included. A high serum Vit-D concentration compared to those with lower levels was associated with a significantly lower mortality rate (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.11: 2.02, p = 0.01). According to the estimated effect of 18 studies, those who took Vit-D supplements had a significantly lower mortality rate, hospitalization duration, ICU admission rate, and mechanical ventilation rate than those who did not. The group receiving Vit-D doses between 50 000 to 100 000 IU had a significantly better clinical outcome compared to lower and higher doses. COVID-19 patients with normal Vit-D levels had significantly lower death rates than those with hypovitaminosis. Vit-D supplements in COVID-19 significantly improved clinical outcomes. Vit-D supplementation between 50 000 to 100 000 IU, in patients with COVID-19 significantly outperformed other doses in terms of mortality.
Keywords:
Clinical Outcome; Efficacy; Vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D supplements; SARS-CoV-2 virus
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