Decreased grip strength is a predictor of adverse outcomes such as disability, immobility, falls, or mortality in the elderly population. Low serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D has been linked to grip strength. However, its relationship in the adult Chinese population remains unclear. This cross-sectional study involves 4,720 participants in Tianjin, China. Handgrip strength was calculated by a dynamometer (EH101. CAMRY, Guangdong, China). Serum 25(OH)D was assessed by enzyme immunoassay method. The analysis of covariance was used to assess the relation between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and handgrip strength. Among total participants, 36.25% were aged over 50 years and 63.75% under 50 years. For participants over 50 years, the results of handgrip strength per body weight (kg/kg) across serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D were 0.46, (0.40, 0.52); 0.47, (0.41, 0.53); 0.47, (0.42, 0.53); 0.47, (0.42, 0.53) (Ptrend=0.01), and the results of handgrip strength were 31.7, (27.9, 36.0); 32.5, (28.6, 36.9); 32.6, (28.7, 37.1); 32.8, (28.9, 37.3) (Ptrend=0.02) after adjusting all confounders. However, this relation was not found in subjects under 50 years. Our study showed that low vitamin D was significantly linked to low handgrip strength in subjects aged over 50 years.