eng Enviro Research Publishers Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 2347-467X 2322-0007 2026-10-16 14 3 27017 article Lilis Wijayanti 1 Muflihatul Muniroh 2 Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri 3 Deny Yudi Fitranti 4 Endang Mahati 5 Irwandi Jaswir 6 Department of Nutrition Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Physiology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang Department of Food Technology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Center of Nutrition Research (CENURE), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Pharmacology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia The potential effects of modifying the GLITEROS (Glycemia, Tempeh, and Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.)  diabetes-specific enteral formula with tempeh, jicama, and sunflower seed flours on insulin regulation and fasting blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats have not yet been investigated. This study assessed the impact of an enteral formula containing tempeh, jicama, and sunflower seed flours on insulin and blood glucose concentrations during fasting in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemic rats. A total of 30 Wistar rats were assigned randomly to 5 groups (n = 6 per group): standard control (C), positive control (C+), negative control (C−), and two treatment groups receiving the enteral formula at doses of 3.97 g/200 g body weight per day (T1) and 8.75 g/200 g body weight/day (T2). The powdered enteral formula was diluted using water to obtain a desired concentration of 22.1 g/100 mL (221 g/L) and administered orally to the animals via gastric gavage once a day for 28 days. Insulin concentrations were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were assessed using the glucose oxidase–p-aminophenazone (GOD-PAP) method. Data analysis was performed on the data using a paired t-test and a one-way ANOVA test. After the intervention, insulin concentrations were significantly increased, while fasting blood glucose concentrations significantly reduced in both treatment groups (T1 and T2). These findings demonstrate that the GLITEROS diabetes-specific enteral formula modification, containing tempeh, jicama, and sunflower seed flours, enhances insulin levels and lowers blood glucose abundance during fasting in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemic rats. https://www.foodandnutritionjournal.org/volume14number3/modification-of-a-gliteros-diabetes-specific-enteral-formula-incorporating-tempeh-jicama-and-sunflower-seed-flours-improves-insulin-levels-and-reduces-fasting-blood-glucose-in-rats-with-streptozotoc/ Fasting Blood Glucose GLITEROS Hyperglycemia Insulin Jicama Flour Sunflower Seed Flour Tempeh Flour